This article provides an overview of the many ways that green (living) walls can help cities mitigate and adapt to climate change challenges. This includes energy savings in buildings, a reduction in the urban heat island, and stormwater management.

The origins, function, strengths and weaknesses of the Green Roof Energy Calculator are described in detail as well as the wish list for its future development.

Although succulent monocultures are the default for many green roofs, rewilding green roofs with wildflowers and grasses can enhance stormwater retention and make them more adaptive to extreme climate events. Learn about rewilding green roofs.

The European Water Resilience Strategy emphasizes sustainability but overlooks urban green infrastructure. Cities must be central to water resilience efforts through nature-based solutions like green roofs, permeable surfaces, and water-sensitive urban design.

Learn about how the Urban Heat Island and Social Justice are issues which are fundamentally interconnected and how green roofs and walls can help to address both. 

The Auckland Botanic Gardens transformed water challenges into ecological opportunities, showcasing innovative water-sensitive design and native plant integration. This case study previews the World Green Infrastructure Congress in Auckland, promoting sustainable urban development.